[3](a)Calculate the energy needed to heat 0.50 kg of water from 20°C to 100°C. (Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/(kg·°C))

[2](a)Calculate the energy needed to melt 0.20 kg of ice at 0°C. (Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 334 000 J/kg)

[2](b)Explain why the temperature does not rise while the ice is melting, even though energy is being supplied.

[3](a)A fixed mass of gas has a volume of 0.006 m³ at a pressure of 100 kPa. At constant temperature, the gas is compressed to 0.004 m³. Calculate the new pressure.

[1](b)State the name of the gas law used in part (a).

[3](a)Explain, using the kinetic particle model, why the pressure of a gas increases when it is compressed at constant temperature.

[2](a)Calculate the energy needed to raise the temperature of 2 kg of a substance by 50°C, given its specific heat capacity is 900 J/(kg·°C).

[2](a)A heater supplies 45 000 J of energy in 60 s. Calculate its power output.

[2](a)A fixed mass of gas at 200 kPa occupies 3 × 10⁻³ m³. At constant temperature, it is compressed to 2 × 10⁻³ m³. Calculate the new pressure.

[2](a)300 g of hot water at a higher temperature loses 25 200 J of energy while cooling by 20°C. Verify this is consistent with water's specific heat capacity of 4200 J/(kg·°C).

[3](a)Explain, using the kinetic particle model, why increasing the temperature of a gas at constant volume increases its pressure.

[2](a)Explain why steam at 100°C can cause more severe burns than the same mass of boiling water at 100°C.